SS-31 (Elamipretide)
A cell-permeable, cationic tetrapeptide that concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane by binding cardiolipin. Studied as a pharmacological tool for mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS modulation, and bioenergetics research. One of the most-cited research peptides in mitochondrial biology.
Free COA included · Free shipment protection · 99%+ purity by HPLC & MS · Lyophilized powder
Certificate of Analysis — Included Free
Every batch independently tested by U.S.-accredited labs. Lot-matched COA confirms identity, purity ≥99% by HPLC, and safety screening.
Research Overview
SS-31 (also known as elamipretide; D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂) is a cell-permeable tetrapeptide developed by Hazel Szeto and Peter Schiller as part of the Szeto-Schiller peptide series. Its alternating aromatic-cationic structure enables spontaneous penetration of cell and mitochondrial membranes, where it concentrates in the inner mitochondrial membrane by selectively binding to cardiolipin.
In vitro research has extensively characterized SS-31's effects on mitochondrial membrane potential, superoxide generation, ATP synthesis, and cytochrome c release in isolated mitochondria and cultured cell lines undergoing oxidative stress. It is used as a reference compound in experiments examining the relationship between cardiolipin oxidation, membrane curvature, and electron transport chain efficiency.
Mechanistic studies have linked SS-31's cardiolipin binding to stabilization of the respiratory chain supercomplexes (respirasomes), improved cristae morphology, and restoration of ATP synthase efficiency in cellular aging models. It is also studied in models of ischemia-reperfusion injury, heart failure, and renal disease, serving as a pharmacological probe for the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in these settings.
All referenced studies are preclinical or in vitro. Not for human use.
Molecular Information
| Full Name / IUPAC | SS-31 (Elamipretide) |
| CAS Number | 736992-21-5 |
| Molecular Formula | C₃₂H₄₉N₉O₅ |
| Molecular Weight | 639.79 g/mol |
| Sequence / Structure | D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH₂ (Szeto-Schiller peptide) |
| Appearance | White lyophilized powder |
| Solubility | Soluble in sterile water; highly water soluble |
| Format | Lyophilized (freeze-dried) powder |
| SKU | CL-020 |
Quality & Testing
- Purity: ≥99% by HPLC
- Identity: Confirmed by Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)
- Heavy Metals: Screened; below detection thresholds
- Endotoxin: Tested per LAL assay
- Lot Tracking: Lot number on every vial matches published COA
- Packaging: Nitrogen-purged, sealed glass vials
Storage & Handling
- Short-term: Room temperature (15–25°C), dry, dark — up to 4 weeks
- Long-term: Refrigerated at 2–8°C — up to 18 months lyophilized
- Extended: −20°C; avoid freeze-thaw cycling
- Store at −20°C. Highly stable lyophilized; reconstituted solution stable 30 days at 4°C.
This compound is supplied for in vitro research and laboratory use only. It is not for human or veterinary use, is not a drug or dietary supplement, and has not been evaluated or approved by the FDA or any regulatory agency for any therapeutic application. Purchasers must be 18 years of age or older and qualified researchers operating in compliance with all applicable local, state, and federal regulations governing research chemicals.
